Energy

Energy is the capacity to do work or produce change. It exists in various forms, such as kinetic (motion), potential (stored), thermal (heat), chemical (stored in bonds), electrical, nuclear, and radiant (light) energy. Energy can be transformed from one form to another but cannot be created or destroyed, a principle known as the conservation of energy. In scientific contexts, energy is measured in joules (J) or other units such as calories and kilowatt-hours. In physics, energy is a central concept that influences the behaviors of systems and the dynamics of matter. It plays a critical role in processes across all disciplines, including biology, chemistry, and engineering.